Fair use is a doctrine in United States copyright law that allows limited use of copyrighted material without requiring permission from the rights holders, such as use for scholarship or review. It provides for the legal, non-licensed citation or incorporation of copyrighted material in another author's work under a four-factor balancing test. The term "fair use" originated in the United States, but has been added to Israeli and the UK law as well; a similar principle, fair dealing, exists in some other common law jurisdictions. Civil law jurisdictions have other limitations and exceptions to copyright.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fair_use
วันจันทร์ที่ 24 พฤศจิกายน พ.ศ. 2551
วันอาทิตย์ที่ 23 พฤศจิกายน พ.ศ. 2551
Copyright
Copyright
Copyright protects creative or artistic works. You should only copy or use a copyrighted work with the copyright owner's permission.
You can copyright:
- literature, including novels, instruction manuals, computer programs, song lyrics, newspaper articles and some types of database
- drama, including dance or mime
- music
- art, including paintings, engravings, photographs, sculptures, collages, architecture, technical drawings, diagrams, maps and logos
- layouts used to publish a work, for a book
- recordings of a work, including sound and film
- broadcasts of a work
http://www.ipo.gov.uk/whatis/whatis-copy.htm
วันอาทิตย์ที่ 9 พฤศจิกายน พ.ศ. 2551
Knowledge management
Knowledge Management (KM) comprises a range of practices used in an organisation to identify, create, represent, distribute and enable adoption of insights and experiences. Such insights and experiences comprise knowledge, either embodied in individuals or embedded in organisational processes or practice. KM has been an established discipline since 1995 with a body of courses in universities to include business administration, information systems, management, and library and information sciences . More recently, other schools, to include those focused on information and media, computer science, public health, and public policy, also have started to contribute. Many large companies and non-profit organisations have resources dedicated to internal KM efforts, often as a part of their 'Business Strategy', 'Information Technology', or 'Human Resource Management' departments . Several consulting companies also exist that provide strategy and advice regarding KM to these organisations.
KM efforts typically focus on organisational objectives such as improved performance, competitive advantage, innovation, developmental processes, the sharing of lessons learned, and continuous improvement of the organisation. KM efforts overlap with Organisational Learning, and may be distinguished from by a greater focus on the management of knowledge as a strategic asset and a focus on encouraging the exchange of knowledge. KM efforts can help individuals and groups to share valuable organisational insights, to reduce redundant work, to avoid 're-inventing the wheel' per se, to reduce training time for new employees, to retain intellectual capital as employees turnover in an organisation, and to adapt to changing environments and markets .
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knowledge_management
KM efforts typically focus on organisational objectives such as improved performance, competitive advantage, innovation, developmental processes, the sharing of lessons learned, and continuous improvement of the organisation. KM efforts overlap with Organisational Learning, and may be distinguished from by a greater focus on the management of knowledge as a strategic asset and a focus on encouraging the exchange of knowledge. KM efforts can help individuals and groups to share valuable organisational insights, to reduce redundant work, to avoid 're-inventing the wheel' per se, to reduce training time for new employees, to retain intellectual capital as employees turnover in an organisation, and to adapt to changing environments and markets .
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knowledge_management
Information systems
Information systems
The term information system (IS) sometimes refers to a system of persons, data records and activities that process the data and information in an organization, and it includes the organization's manual and automated processes. Computer-based information systems are the field of study for information technology, elements of which are sometimes called an "information system" as well, a usage some consider to be incorrect.
History of information systems
The study of information systems originated as a sub-discipline of computer science in an attempt to understand and rationalize the management of technology within organizations. It has matured into a major field of management, that is increasingly being emphasized as an important area of research in management studies, and is taught at all major universities and business schools in the world. Börje Langefors introduced the concept of "Information Systems" at the third International Conference on Information Processing and Computer Science in New York in 1965.
Information technology is a very important malleable resource available to executives.Many companies have created a position of Chief Information Officer (CIO) that sits on the executive board with the Chief Executive Officer (CEO), Chief Financial Officer (CFO), Chief Operating Officer (COO) and Chief Technical Officer (CTO).The CTO may also serve as CIO, and vice versa.
Information technology is a very important malleable resource available to executives.Many companies have created a position of Chief Information Officer (CIO) that sits on the executive board with the Chief Executive Officer (CEO), Chief Financial Officer (CFO), Chief Operating Officer (COO) and Chief Technical Officer (CTO).The CTO may also serve as CIO, and vice versa.
วันจันทร์ที่ 27 ตุลาคม พ.ศ. 2551
Evaluation
What is evaluation?
Evaluation is about using monitoring and other information you collect to make judgements about your project. It is also about using the information to make changes and improvements.
Evaluation aims to answer agreed questions and to make a judgement against specific criteria. Like other research, for a good evaluation, data must be collected and analysed systematically, and its interpretation considered carefully. Assessing 'value' - or the worth of something - and then taking action makes evaluation distinctive. The results of an evaluation are intended to be used.
There are many different perspectives and approaches to evaluation. Answering questions such as 'Why are we doing it?' 'Who is the evaluation for?' and 'What are the key issues to address?' will help you decide whether you wish to self-evaluate or to have an external evaluation. The questions will help you to think about what you want to focus on. For example, this could be:
Evaluation aims to answer agreed questions and to make a judgement against specific criteria. Like other research, for a good evaluation, data must be collected and analysed systematically, and its interpretation considered carefully. Assessing 'value' - or the worth of something - and then taking action makes evaluation distinctive. The results of an evaluation are intended to be used.
There are many different perspectives and approaches to evaluation. Answering questions such as 'Why are we doing it?' 'Who is the evaluation for?' and 'What are the key issues to address?' will help you decide whether you wish to self-evaluate or to have an external evaluation. The questions will help you to think about what you want to focus on. For example, this could be:
- your organisational structure and how it works
- how you carry out your services or activities
- how users experience the project
- what changes or benefits the project brings about
Information Literacy
What is Information Literacy?
Information literacy skills are skills you will need through your life. We are always seeking information. What car or stereo should I buy? Which college should I choose? Which book should I read next? How can I sell this idea to my boss? How can I convince the school board to act on my proposal? Information helps us reach conclusions, make our choices, and communicate more effectively. But the good stuff is often buried in heaps of junk. We need to continue to improve our searching, evaluating and communication skills in a changing information environment.
1. Defining your problem and asking the good questions.
- What is my thesis or problem?
- What information do I need?
- What do I already know?
- What more do I need to find out?
2. Information seeking strategies?
- Where can I find the information I need? Which are the best possible sources? Which databases are the best choices?
- Which types of sources will best help me solve my information problem? Which sources do I already have?
- Do I need help to find the resources or to make sure I haven't overlooked any critical sources?
3. Selecting and evaluating your resources
- How can I search these sources effectively?
- Do the resources I found really answer my questions or offer evidence to support my thesis?
- Have I examined my sources for currency, relevance, accuracy, credibility, appropriateness and and bias?
- How will I credit my sources?
4. Organizing and restructuring information
- How much of the information I collected is truly relevant?
- Can I construct a visual tool or written Have I solved my information problem and answered the related questions?
- outline to help me structure my work?
- Do I have enough information?
5. Communicating the results of your research
- Who is my audience?
- How can I most effectively share this information with this audience?
- What do I need to do this presentation? Equipment? Software?
- Have I included everything I want to share?
- Have I proofread, edited and truly finished my project?
6. Evaluating your work
The product:
- Am I proud of the product? Was it effective?
- Did I meet the guidelines or follow the rubric for the project?
- Am I sure I did not plagiarize from any of my sources?
- Is the best work I could have done?
The process:
- Did I explore the full scope of available resources and select the best?
- Did I approach the research process energetically?
- Did I search electronic resources (the Web and licensed databases) using effective, efficient, strategic search strategies?
http://www.sdst.org/shs/library/infolit.html
วันพฤหัสบดีที่ 2 ตุลาคม พ.ศ. 2551
Vine
A vine is any plant of genus Vitis (the grape plants) or, by extension, any similar climbing or trailing plant. The word, derived from Latin vīnea, referred to the grape-bearing variety. The modern extended sense is restricted to North American English, which uses grapevine to refer to the grape-bearing Vitis species. (British English tends to use climber to refer to the broader category, including, for example, ivy.)
This article uses the term vine in its broader, North American sense.
This article uses the term vine in its broader, North American sense.
- Some types of vines
Grape
Wild Grape
Virginia Creeper
Wisteria
Common Ivy
Poison Ivy
Morning Glory
Kudzu
Sweet pea
Bougainvillea
Common boar
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